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The fast spreading presence of the IT
technology, Internet most of all, at all levels of our lives,
results in numerous changes in human activity. The expansion
of the Internet is parallel to the process of globalization
which causes the creation and growth of the global
disproportion meaning that major part of the global capital
is held in the hands of few countries named the global centre
while only little is left for the remaining peripheral
countries. Another issue is this one “western” standard being
imposed throughout the world which questions such important
aspects of culture as social awareness, or especially
cultural identity. When taking into account the consistent
process of the Internet popularization, a question has to be
posed as to its role within the widely understood
globalization of the culture. Acquiring the clear benefits of
the development of the electronic communication systems, I
wish to touch upon certain negative aspects of the IT
revolution.
In my speech I would like to deal with the
problem of the “cultural imperialism”, described by the
researchers of humanities of the second half of the 20th
c. (Herbert I. Schiller, Thomas Guback, Stuart Ewan, Georg
Gerbner and others). This term (popular in the 70ties for the
communication research) was used to describe the uneven
information flow, to pinpoint its negative effect on cultures
and economy. “Cultural Imperialism” dealt primarily with the
relations among the wealthy, developed countries (that means
basically the USA) and the newly born, developing countries
(it is worth remembering that the post war years were the era
of total, global even decolonization). The main tools of this
imperialism were to be especially the mass media, TV, cinema,
and radio.
As mentioned above, my aim was to analyze
the Internet as a new super mass medium with regard to its
role within the process of culture globalization. I wish to
pay special attention to the features that would identify the
global network as another – most dangerous tool of “Cultural
Imperialism”. The authors of the “Cultural Imperialism”
theory treated in the works about the traditional media, not
taking the Internet into account. It happened so due to a
simple cause that when the spread of the Internet among
greater amount of users (beginning of the 90ties) took place,
the theory itself had been to a great extent forgotten. The
Internet as a medium differs indeed form TV, cinema, or radio
nevertheless there is a reasoned fear that within the IT
space (cyberspace) created by it, the process of imposing
one, dominating culture on everyone may be taking place.
I wish to have a closer look at the
architecture of the Internet in order to (by presenting
adequate data) highlight its certain features, characteristic
also for the theory of „Cultural Imperialism”. On the basis
of the analysis of the mentioned theory, several main
features constituting the imperial character of the media may
be pinpointed:
1. The presence of a given world
system
2. The presence of less developed
countries when compared with the dominating centre
3. The presence of the dominating
centre of the given system meaning the developed
countries, monopolizing information, privileged when
compared with the less developed countries
4. The presence of values and
structures, and therefore culture and organization that
are characteristic to dominating centre and strange to
the peripheral countries. Such organizations (media,
corporations) cause the expansion of the culture of the
dominating centre.
To justify my assumptions, I wish to
highlight the following facts:
1. The Internet is in fact the
creation of the North American culture
2. The basic framework of the Internet
is still placed within the territory of the United States
of America
3. The trade of any products,
necessary for enlarging the Net’s infrastructure
(electronic equipment, software, etc.) is centralized in
The United States of America
4. The trade of any widely understood
content of the Internet (cultural products included) is
centralized in the United States of America
5. The global flow of the information
within the cyberspace is based upon the basic formula,
placed in the United States of America
I would also like to stress the problem of
digital exclusion, which I regard as one of the major factors
in accordance with the thesis of the imperial character of
the Internet. The consequence of the presence of various
barriers is the overall set of facts that may be called
„digital exclusion”. The digital exclusion generally applies
to the division of the world population into two parts. The
first part possesses the potential possibility to access the
global IT infrastructure along with the possibility to make
use of information sources placed there; the other part does
not possess such a possibility.
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