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{1}}Project  Athena  is  a  five-\/year  experiment  in the use of a large, networked computer system as  part  of  the  educational  process  at  M.I.T.    Athena's distributed  computer  system will open up entirely new ways for members of the M.I.T. community to share information.  One consequence of linking  the  entire community together, however, is the potential for improper use of the system, a violation of M.I.T.'s high standards of honesty and personal conduct.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}The hardware granted to Project Athena, and  the  software  licensed  for  that hardware,  are  intended  only for educational use by M.I.T. community members. Use of Athena resources by anyone  outside  M.I.T.  requires  approval  of  the Provost,  and  the sale of such use is prohibited.  The use of Athena resources for financial gain is similarly prohibited.  Use of Project Athena's facilities for  sponsored research activities that normally would make use of other M.I.T. facilities is not permitted, except by permission of the Director.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{} (\begingroup \Url{athena.html#UNIX})\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endSeq{}\endNode{} operating  system  used  by  Project  Athena  facilitates   sharing information  and  software among its users.  Security mechanisms for protecting information  from  unintended  access-\/-\/from  within  the  system  or  from  the outside-\/-\/are  minimal.    These mechanisms, by themselves, are inadequate for a community the size of M.I.T.'s, for whom protection of individual privacy is as important  as  sharing.  Users must supplement the system's security mechanisms by using the system in a manner that preserves the privacy of others.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}For example,  users  should  not  attempt  to  gain  access  to  the  files  or directories  of  another  user  without  explicit  authorization from that user (unless that user has intentionally made them  available  for  public  access). Nor  should  users  attempt  to  interept  any  systems communications, such as electronic mail or terminal dialog.   Programs  should  not  store  information about  other  users  without  the users' prior knowledge.  Personal information about another individual, which a user would not otherwise disseminate  to  the M.I.T.  community,  should  not be stored or communicated on the system without the  other  individual's  permission.    Such  information   includes   grades, evaluation of students, and their work.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Actions  taken  by  users  intentionally  to  interfere  with  or  to alter the integrity of the system cannot be permitted.  These include unauthorized use of accounts,   impersonation  of  other  individuals  in  systems  communications, attempts to crack passwords or encryption, and  destruction  or  alteration  of data   or  programs  belonging  to  other  users.    Equally  unacceptable  are intentional efforts to restrict  or  deny  access  by  others  to  any  of  the resources of the system.\endPar{}\endNode{}\endSeq{}\endDisplayGroup{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Some software  and  databases  that reside on the system are owned by users or third parties, and are protected by copyright and other laws,  together  with licenses  and  other  contractual  agreements. Users must abide  by  these restrictions. Such  restrictions  may  include  prohibitions against copying programs  or  data  for use on non-\/Athena systems or for distribution outside M.I.T., against the resale of data or programs or their use for noneducational purposes  or  for  financial gain, and against public disclosure of information about programs (e.g., source code) without the owner's authorization. It  is the  responsibility of the owner of protected software or data to make any such restrictions known to the user.\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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{1}}Revision B, June, 1986\endPar{}\endNode{}\Node%
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